Bio-sketch
Professor Bhatnagar has recently joined the Department of BSE as adjunct faculty. He has been working in the field of anthrax for the past 20 years and has to his credit the development of genetically engineered vaccine against anthrax. The technology of recombinant anthrax vaccine has been transferred to Panacea Biotech Ltd. and the vaccine has successfully undergone Phase I and Phase II Human clinical trials. Also, his research group pioneered the expression of Protective Antigen gene in a plant system, which marks the first milestone towards developing edible vaccine against anthrax. DNA vaccine against Rabies has been developed in his laboratory and is ready for technology transfer. Further research is being done to develop DNA vaccine against anthrax. Laboratory is also engaged in study of programmed cell death in prokaryotes. His research group has recently initiated research in other important infectious disease systems like Mycobacterium, Brucella; aiming to open avenues for their control. Home page: https://www.jnu.ac.in/Faculty/rbhatnagar/
Areas of Interest
Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Recombinant Vaccine Development Programmed cell death in prokaryotes
- Publications (Click to expand)
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1. Divya Kandari, Hemant Joshi, Rakesh Bhatnagar (2021). Zur: Zinc-Sensing Transcriptional Regulator in a Diverse Set of Bacterial Species. Pathogens. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030344
2. Pooja Sanduja, Manish Gupta, Vikas Kumar Somani, Meenakshi Dua, Emanuel Hanski, Abhinay Sharma, Rakesh Bhatnagar, Atul Kumar Johri (2020). Crossserotype protection against group A Streptococcal infections induced by immunization with SPy_2191. Nature Communications. doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17299-x
3. Garhyan J, Mohan S, Rajendran V, Bhatnagar R. (2020) Preclinical evidence of nanomedicine formulation to target Mycobacterium tuberculosis at its bone marrow niche. Pathogens. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9050372
4. Manish, M., Shashikala Verma., Kandari, D., Kulshreshtha, P., Singh, S., Bhatnagar, R (2020), Anthrax Prevention through Vaccine and Therapeutic Antibodies, Expert Opinion On Biological Therapy, 10.1080/14712598.2020.1801626
5. Mohan S., Somani, V.K., Aggarwal, S and Bhatnagar R (2020). Simultaneous immunization with omp25 and L7/L12 provides protection. Pathogens doi: 10.3390/pathogens9020152
6. Shikhar Sharma, Rakesh Bhatnagar, Deepak Gaur (2020) Bacillus anthracic Poly-γDGlutamate Capsule inhibits Opsonic Phagocytosis by impeding Complement Activation. Frontiers of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00462
7. Soni, D.K., Dubey S.K., and Bhatnagar R (2020). ATP-binding cessette (ABC) import systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Target for drug and vaccine development. Emerging Microbes and Infections. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1714488
8. Kandari, D., Joshi, H., Tanwar, N., Munde, M., & Bhatnagar, R, (2020) Delineation of the Residues of Bacillus anthracis Zinc Uptake Regulator Protein Directly Involved in Its Interaction with Cognate DNA, Biological Trace Element Research, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02427-x
9. Sharma S, Bhatnagar R, Gaur D. (2020) Complement Evasion Strategies of Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Indian Journal of Microbiology. 60(3):283-296
10. Gogoi, H., Mani, R., Aggarwal, S., Malik, A., Munde, M and Bhatnagar, R.. (2019) Crystalline and amorphous preparation of aluminium hydroxide nanoparticles enhances protective antigen domain 4 specific immunogeneicity and provides protection against anthrax. Int. J. Nanomedicine. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S219647
11. Joshi, H., Malik, A., Aggarwal, S., Munde, M., Maitra, S.S., Adlakha, N. and Bhatnagar, R., (2019), In-virto detection of phytopathogenic fungal cell wall by polyclonal sera raised against Trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles. Int. J. Nanomedicine. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S220488
12. Garhyan, J, Das, B. and Bhatnagar, R. (2019). Mesenchymal stem cells: A hidden arsenal for Mtb persistence, resuscitation and reactivation. In : Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Molecular Infection Biology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and new Interventions. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Pp 301-314
13. Garg, R., Mani, R., Gupta, M., Tripathi, D., Chandra, H., Bhatnagar, R. and Banerjee, N. (2019). Importance of cell wall-associated Poly-α-Lglutamine in the biology of pathogenic mycobacteria. In: Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Molecular Infection Biology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and new Interventions. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. pp 189-201
14. Mohan, S., Rangappa, S., Fuchs, J.E., Bender, A. and Bhatnagar, R, (2019). Sulfated ceria catalysed synthesis of imidazopyridines and their implementation as DNA minor grooves binders. Chem. biodivers. Doi10.1002/cbdv.201800435
15. Malik, A., Gupta, M., Mani, R. and Bhatnagar, R. (2019) Single dose Ag85B-ESAT-6 loaded PLGA nanoparticles confer protective immunity against tuberculosis. Int. J. Nanomedicine 14:3129- 3143
16. Majumder, S., Das, S., Somani, V., Makam, S.S., Kingston, J.J. and Bhatnagar, R.(2019). A bivalent protein r-PAbxpB comprising PA domain IV and exosporium protein BxpB confers protection against B. anthracis spores and toxin Front. Immunol. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00498
17. Aggarwal, S., Somani, V., Gupta, S., Garg, R. and Bhatnagar, R., (2019) Development of a novel multiepitope chimeric vaccine against anthrax. Med. Micro. Immunology. DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00577-x.
18. Kandari, D., Gopalani, M., Gupta, M., Joshi, H. and Bhatnagar, R. (2019) Identification, Functional Characterization, and Regulon Prediction of the Zinc Uptake Regulator (zur) of Bacillus anthracis – An Insight Into the Zinc Homeostasis of the Pathogen. Front. Micorbiol. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03314
19. Nayak, P.S., Boorah, S.M., Gogoi, H., Asthana, S., Bhatnagar, R., Jha, A.N. and Jha, S. (2019) Lactoferrin adsorption onto silver nanoparticle interface: Implications of corona on protein conformation, nanoparticle cytotoxicity and the formulation adjuvanticity. J. Chem. Engg. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.084
20. Singh, D., Rahi, A., Kumari, R., Gupta, V., Gautam, G., Aggarwal, S., Rehan, M. and Bhatnagar, R. (2019). Computational and mutational analysis of TatDDNase of Bacillus anthracis. J. Cell Biochem. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28408.
21. Mani R, Gupta M, Malik A, Tandon R, Prasad R, Bhatnagar R, Banerjee N.(2018) Adjuvant Potential of Poly-α-L- glutamine from Cell Wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun. Doi: 10.1128/IAI.00537-18.
22. Kant, N., Kulshreshtha, P., Singh, R., Mal, A., Dwivedi, A., Ahuja, R., Mehra, R., Tehlan, M., Ahmed, P., Kaushik, S., Shipra, Kumar, S., Mohammed, A., Shukla, S., Singh, D. and Bhatnagar,R. (2018). A study to identify the practices of the buffalo keepers which inadvertently lead to the spread of brucellosis in Delhi. B MC Veterinary Research 14(1) DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018- 1670-2
23. Malik A.,Bhatnagar, R. (2018). Novel application of Trimethyl chitosan as an adjuvant in vaccine delivery. Int. J. Nanomedicine 13 : 7959—7970.
24. Gogoi, H., Mani, R. and Bhatnagar, R. (2018). A niosome formulation modulates the Th1/Th2 bias immune response in mice and also provides protection against anthrax spore challenge .Int. J. Nanomedicine13: 7427–7440.
25. Majumder, S., Das, S., Somani, V., Makam, S.S., Kingston J. J., Bhatnagar, R. (2018) A bivalent protein r-PB, comprising PA and Bcl Aimmunodominant regions for comprehensive protection against Bacillus anthracis. Scientific Reports. 8:7242 .
26. Malik A., Gupta, M., Mani, R., Gogoi, H. and Bhatnagar, R. (2018). Trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated protective antigen protects the mice against anthrax. Front. Immunol. 1(562): 1-12.
27. Gupta, V., Jain, K., Garg, R., Malik, A., Gulati, P. and Bhatnagar, R..(2018) Characterization of a two component system, Bas1213-1214, important for oxidative stress in Bacillus anthracis.J Cell Biochem., 1:14
28. Rahi, A., Dhiman, A., Singh, D., Lynn, A.M., Rehan, M., and Bhatnagar, R. (2018) Exploring the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enolase and human plasminogen using computational methods and experimental techniques. J Cell Biochem. 119(2):2408-2417
29. Pasari, N., Adlakha, N., Gupta, M., Bashir, Z., Rajacharya, G.,Verma, G., Munde, M., Bhatnagar, R. and Yazdani S.S. (2017). Impact of Module-X2 and Carbohydrate Binding Module-3 on the catalytic activity of associated glycoside hydrolases towards plant biomass. Scientific reports. 16-43246C
30. Manish, M. and Bhatnagar, R. (2017) Antibody Response is Differentially Influenced by PLGA-PAD4 Particle Characteristics. Int. J. Infact. 4(4):e15594.
31. Gayan, S., Mokhtari, R.B., Pal, B., Sarma, A., Talkundar, J., Sandhya, S., Bhuyan, R., Bhuyan, S., Garhyan, J., Baishya, D., Kataki, A., Bhatnagar, R.,Yeger, H. and das, B. (2017). MYC and HIF-2alpha mediates resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) antagonism in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Cancer Research 77(13):2056-2056
32. Joon, S., Gopalani, M., Rahi, A., Kulshreshtha, P., Gogoi, H., Bhatnagar, S and Bhatnagar, R.(2017) Biochemical characterization of the GTP sensing protein, CodY of Bacillus anthracis. Pathogens and Disease., 75(4): 1-9
33. Bhawsar, A., Garg, R., Chhabra, J., Prasad, R., Thatai, A. and Bhatnagar, R. (2017) TBSURE: An improved multiplex real-time PCR for TB detection and differentiation from non tuberculous mycobacterial diseases in adult Indian population. Mycobact. Disease. DOI: 10.4172/2161-1068.1000232
34. Gupta, V., Chaudhary, N., Aggarwal, S., Gulati, P. and Bhatnagar, R. (2017) Functional analysis of BAS2108-2109 two component system: evidence for protease regulation in Bacillus anthracis. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 89: 71-84
35. Garg, R., Kaur, M., Saxena, A., Prasad, R. and Bhatnagar, R. (2017). Alum adjuvanted rabies DNA vaccine confers 80% protection against lethal 50 LD50 rabies challenge virus standard strain. Mole.Immunol. 85:166-173.
36. 150. Nagar, S.D., Aggarwal, B., Joon, S., Bhatnagar, R. and Bhatnagar, S. (2016). A Network Biology Approach to Decipher Stress Response in Bacteria Using Escherichia coli As a Model. Omics: a journal of integrative biology. 20 (5): 310324.
37. Dhiman A, Rahi, A., Gopalani, M., Bajpai, S. Bhatnagar, S. and Bhatnagar, R. (2016). Role of the Recognition Helix of Response Regulator WalR from Bacillus anthracis in DNA Binding and Specificity. Int J Biol Macromol . 96:257-264
38. Panda, G. and Bhatnagar, R. (2016). Recent advances in anthrax pathophysiology, prophylaxis and treatment ; Eds. A.Datta and V.P.Sharma, pp. 280-291.
39. Aggarwal, S., Somani, V.K., Gupta, V., Kaur, J., Singh, D., Graver, A. and Bhatnagar, R. (2016). Functional Characteriazation of PhoPR two component system and its implication in regulating phosphate homeostasis in bacillus anthracis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1861:2956-2970.
40. Rahi A, Matta SK, Dhiman A, Garhyan J, Gopalani M, Chandra S, Bhatnagar, R.(2016) Enolase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a surface exposed plasminogen binding protein. Biochim Biophys Acta.1861:3355-3364.
41. Gopalani M, Dhiman A, Rahi A, Kandari D, Bhatnagar R.(2016). Identification, Functional Characterization and Regulon Prediction of a Novel Two Component System Comprising BAS0540-BAS0541 of Bacillus anthracis. PLoSOne. 11(7) :e 0158895. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0158895.
42. Gupta M, Nayyar N, Chawla M, Sitaraman R, Bhatnagar, R. and Banerjee N (2016) The Chromosomal parDE2 Toxin–Antitoxin System of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: Genetic and Functional Characterization. Front. Microbiol. 7:886. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00886.
43. Chaudhary N, Tøndel K, and Bhatnagar, R, Martins Dos Santos VA, Pucha?ka J. (2016). Characterizing the optimal flux space of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions through modified latin-hypercube sampling .Mol Biosyst. 23;12(3):994-1005.
44. Somani VK, Aggarwal S, Singh D, Prasad T, and Bhatnagar R. (2016). Identification of novel raft marker protein, FlotP in Bacillus anthracis. Front. Microbiol. 169(7): 1-18.
45. Newly identified motifs in Candida albicans Cdr1 protein nucleotide binding domains are pleiotropic drug resistance subfamily-specific and functionally asymmetric (2016)
46. Manpreet Rawal, Atanu Banerjee, Abdul Shah, Mohammad Firoz Khan, Sobhan Sen, Ajay Kumar Saxena, Brian Monk, Richard D. Cannon, Rakesh Bhatnagar, Alok Kumar Mondal, and Rajendra Prasad. Scientific Reports. 6:27132
47. Manish M, Bhatnagar R and Singh S. (2016). Preparation and Characterization of PLGA Encapsulated Protective Antigen Domain 4 Nanofor mulation. Methods. Mol Biol. 1404:669-81.
48. Garhyan J, Bhuyan S, Pulu I, Kalita D, Das B and Bhatnagar R. (2015). Preclinical and clinical evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence in the hypoxic niche of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after therapy.Am J Pathol.185(7): 1924-34.
49. Panda, G, Tanwer, P, Ansari, S, Khare, D. and Bhatnagar, R. (2015). Regulation and RNA binding properties of Hfq-like RNA chaperones in Bacillus anthracis, Biochimic Biophysic Acta. 1850(9): 1661-8.
50. Aggarwal, S, Somani VK, Bhatnagar, R. (2015). Phosphate starvation enhances the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 305(6): 523-31.
51. Singh, D, Goel D, Bhatnagar R.(2015).Recombinant L7/L12 protein entrapping PLGA (Poly lactide-co-glycolide) micro particles protect BALB/c mice against the virulent B. abortus 544 infection. Vaccine. 33(24): 2786-92.
52. Singh D, Somani VK, Aggarwal S, Bhatnagar, R.. (2015). PLGA (85:15) nanoparticle based delivery of rL7/L12 ribosomal protein in mice protects against Brucellaabortus 544 infection: A promising alternate to traditional adjuvants. Mol. Immunol. 68(2):272279.
53. Kulshreshtha P, Tiwari A, Priyanka, Joon S, Sinha S, Bhatnagar R. (2015). Investigation of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera against anthrax toxins resulted in identification of an anti-lethal factor antibody with disease-enhancing characteristics.Mol. Immunol. 68(2):185-193.
54. Gopalani M, Dhiman A, Rahi A, Bhatnagar R. (2015).Overexpression of the Pleiotropic Regulator CodY Decreases Sporulation, Attachment and Pellicle Formation in Bacillus anthracis.Biochem. Biophys Res Commun. 469 (3):672-8
55. Dhiman A, Gopalani M, Bhatnagar R. (2015). WalRK two component system of Bacillus anthracis responds to temperature and antibiotic stress.Biochem. Biophys Res Commun;459 (4);623-8.
56. Tripathi D, Kant S, Garg R, Bhatnagar R (2015).Low expression level of glnA1 accounts for absence of cell wall associated poly-L-glutamate/glutamine in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun458(2);240-5.
57. Aggarwal S., Somani,V. K. and Bhatnagar, R. (2015).Phosphate starvation enhances the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 305(6):523-31.
58. Chaudhary P, SinghS, Bhatnagar R, Sarin NB and Farhat S.(2014). Basic Expression of Edema Factor Gene (cya) from Bacillus anthracis in Model Plant Tobacco .P.1143-1148.
59. Kaur M, Garg R, Singh S, Bhatnagar R. (2014). Rabies vaccines: where do we stand, where are we heading? Expert Rev Vaccines;28: 1-13.
60. Garg R, Tripathi D, KantS, Chandra H, Bhatnagar R, Banerjee N. (2014). Conserved Hypothetical Protein Rv0574c Is Required for Cell Wall Integrity, Stress Tolerance and Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun83(1): 120–129
61. Verma S, Bhatnagar R. (2014). MoxT toxin of Bacillus anthracis exhibits sequence specific ribonuclease activity Biochem Biophys Res Commun450(2);998-1004.
62. Garg R, Kaur M, Bhatnagar R. (2014). DNA vaccination for Rabies: Evaluation of Preclinical Safety and Toxicology. Trials in Vaccinology;3: 73–80
63. Verma S, Kumar S,Gupta VP, Gourinath, S, Bhatnagar S, Bhatnagar R. (2014) Structural basis of Bacillus anthracisMoxXT disruption and the modulation of MoxTribonuclease activity by rationally designed peptides. J. Biomol. Struct.Dyn33(3);606-24.
64. Gorantala J, Grover S, Rahi A, Chaudhary P, Rajwanshi R, Sarin NB, Bhatnagar R. (2014). Generation of Protective immune response against anthrax by oral immunization with protective antigen plant based vaccine. J. Biotechnol.176:1-10.
65. Dhiman, A, Bhatnagar S, KulshreshthaP,Bhatnagar, R. (2014). Functional Characterization of WalRK: a Two Component Signal Transduction System from Bacillus anthracis.FEBS Open Bio4: 65–76.
66. Panda, G, Basak, T, Tanwer, P, Sengupta, S, Vitor, A.P. M Santos,Bhatnagar, R. (2014).Delineating the Effect of Host Environmental Signals on a Fully Virulent Strain of Bacillus anthracis usingan Integrated Transcriptomics and Proteomics Approach.J. Proteom.105;242- 65.
67. Chopra, N, Pathak,S.A.andBhatnagar, S.Bhatnagar, R. (2013).Linkage, Mobility and Selfishness in the MazF Family of Bacterial Toxins: A Snapshot of Bacterial Evolution. Genome Biol. Evol5(12): 2268-2284.
68. Kaur M, Singh S, Bhatnagar R. (2013). Anthrax vaccines: present status and future prospects. Expert Rev Vaccines12(8):955-70.
69. Tripathi D, Chandra H,Bhatnagar R.(2013).Poly-L-glutamate/glutamine synthesis in the cell wall of Mycobacterium bovis is regulated in response to nitrogen availability. BMC Microbiology; 13: 226.
70. Manish M, Rahi A, Kaur M, Singh S. Bhatnagar R.(2013).A Single-Dose PLGA Encapsulated Protective Antigen Domain 4 Nanoformulation Protects Mice against Bacillus anthracis Spore Challenge. PloS One; 8 (4): e61885
71. Goel D, Rajendran V, Ghosh PC andBhatnagar R. (2013). Cell mediated immune response after challenge in Omp25 liposome immunized mice contributes to protection against virulent Brucellaabortus 544. Vaccine; 31 (8): 1231-1237
72. Sinha K and Bhatnagar, R. (2013). Recombinant GroEL enhances protective antigen- mediated protection against Bacillus anthracis spore challenge. Medical Microbiology and Immunology; 202(2): 153-65
73. Goel D andBhatnagar R. (2012). Intradermal immunization with outer membrane protein 25 protects Balb/c mice from virulent B. abortus 544. MolImmunol.51(2):15968
74. Kulshreshtha, P,Aggarwal,S., Jaiswal,H. andBhatnagar, R. (2012) S-layer homology motif is an immunogen and confers protection to mouse model against anthrax. Mol. Immunol.50(1- 2):18-25.
75. Kaur M., Bhatnagar R. (2011). Recent Progress in development of anthrax vaccines.Recent Patents on Biotechnology5(3):148-159.
76. Gorantala J, Grover S, Goel D, Rahi A, Chandra S, Bhatnagar R. (2011). A plant based protective antigen [PA(dIV)] vaccine expressed in chloroplasts demonstrates protective immunity in mice against anthrax. Vaccine; 29(27):4521-33.
77. Rahi A., Rehan M., Garg R, Tripathi D., Lynn A.M., and Bhatnagar R. (2011). Enzymatic characterization of Catalase from Bacillus anthracis and prediction of critical residues using information theoretic measure of Relative Entropy. Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun.; 411(1):88-95.
78. Kulshreshtha P. and Bhatnagar R. (2011). Inhibition of anthrax toxins with a bispecific monoclonal antibody that cross reacts with edema factor as well as lethal factor of Bacillusanthracis. Mol.Immunol.48(15-16):1958-65.
79. Chopra, N., Agarwal, S., Verma, S., Bhatnagar, S., Bhatnagar R. (2011).Modeling of the structure and interactions of the B. anthracis antitoxin, MoxX: deletion mutant studies highlight its modular structure and repressor function. J Comput Aided Mol Des; 25:275–291.
80. Sinha, K. andBhatnagar,R.. (2010). GroEL provides protection against Bacillus anthracis infection in BALB/c mice Mol.Immunol. 48: 264-71
81. Matta S.K, Agarwal S, Bhatnagar R (2010).Surface localized and extracellular Glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate dehydrogenase of Bacillus anthracis is a plasminogen binding protein. Biochim. BiophysActa.; 1804(11):2111-2120
82. Agarwal S, Mishra N.K, Bhatnagar S. and Bhatnagar R. (2010).PemK Toxin of Bacillus anthracisis a Ribonucleasean insight into its active site, structure and function J.Biol.Chem;285:7254-7270.
83. Kaur M, Saxena A, Rai A. and BhatnagarR. (2010). Rabies DNA vaccine encoding lysosome targeted glycoprotein supplemented with EMULSIGEN D confers complete protection in pre- and post-exposure studies in BALB/c mice. FASEB J; 24:173-183
84. Chawla A. and Bhatnagar R. (2009). AnthraxVaccine.Adult Immunization; 1: 1-7.
85. Chawla A., Midha S. and BhatnagarR. (2009). Efficacy of recombinant anthrax vaccine against Bacillus anthracis aerosol spore challenge: Pre-clinical evaluation in Rabbits and Rhesus monkeys. Biotechnology Journal;4: 1-9.
86. Kaur M., Chug H., Singh H., Chandra S., Mishra M., Sharma M. and Bhatnagar R.(2009). Identification And Characterization of Immunodominant B-Cell Epitope of The C-Terminus of Protective Antigen of Bacillus anthracis. Mol.Immunol. 46:21072115.
87. Kaur M., Rai A. and Bhatnagar R. (2009). Rabies DNA vaccine: No impact of MHC Class I and Class II targeting sequences on immune response and protection against lethal challenge. Vaccine;27: 2128-2137.
88. Midha S. and Bhatnagar R. (2009). Genetic Immunization with GPIanchored Anthrax Protective antigen raises combined CD1d- and MHC II-restricted Antibody Responses by Natural Killer T cell-mediated help. Vaccine; 27(11):1700-9
89. Midha S. and Bhatnagar R. (2009). Anthrax protective antigen administered by DNA vaccination to distinct subcellular locations potentiates humoral and cellular immune responses. European Journal of Immunology;39(1):159-77
90. Kanodia S., Agarwal S., Singh P., Agarwal S., Singh P., Bhatnagar R. (2009). Biochemical and functional characterization of alanine racemase spore protein of Bacillus anthracis. Biochem.Mol.Biol. Reports;42(1): 47-52.
91. Joshi M.C., Sharma A., Kant S., Birah A., Gupta G.P., Khan S.R., Bhatnagar R. and Banerjee N. (2008). An Insecticidal GroEL protein with chitin binding activity from Xenorhabdusnematophila. J.Biol. Chem. ; 283(42): 28287-96.
92. Agarwal S., Kulshrestha P., Mukku D.B. and Bhatnagar R. (2008).?-enolase binds to human plasminogen on the surface of Bacillus anthracis. Biochim.BiophysActa.; 1784:986-94
93. Gupta M., Alam S. and Bhatnagar R. (2007). Catalytically inactive anthrax toxin(s) are potential prophylactic agents. Vaccine;25: 8410-8419.
94. Chandra S, Kaur M, Midha S, Gorantala J. and Bhatnagar R. (2007). Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against Mycobacterial antigen using domain I of anthrax edema factor as antigen delivery system. Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun;357:50-55.
95. Aziz M. A., Midha S., Waheed S. M. and Bhatnagar R. (2007). Oral vaccines: New needs, New Possibilities. BioEssays;29: 591-604.
96. Agarwal S., Agarwal S. and Bhatnagar R. (2007). Identification and Characterization of a Novel Toxin-Antitoxin Module from Bacillus anthracis.FEBS Letters; 581: 172734.
97. Chandra S., Kaur M., Midha S., Bhatnagar N. B. and Bhatnagar R. (2006).Evaluation of the ability of N-terminal fragment of lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis for delivery of Mycobacterium T- cell antigen ESAT-6 into cytosol of antigen presenting cells to elicit effective cytotoxic Tlymphocytes response. Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun; 351: 702-7.
98. Gupta M., Alam S. and Bhatnagar R. (2006). Kinetic characterization and ligand binding studies of His351 mutants of Bacillus anthracisadenylatecyclase.Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics; 446:28-34.
99. Alam S., Gupta M. and Bhatnagar R. (2006).Inhibition of platelet aggregation by anthrax edema toxin. Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun.; 399:107-114.
100. Midha S., Mishra R., Aziz M. A., Sharma M., Mishra A., Khandelwal P. and Bhatnagar R. (2005). Cloning, Expression and Characterization of Recombinant Nitric Oxide Synthase-like protein from Bacillus anthracis.Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun; 336: 346-356
101. Aziz M. A., Sikriwal D., Singh S., Jarugula S., Kumar A. and Bhatnagar R. (2005). Transformation of an edible crop with pagAgene of Bacillus anthracis.FASEB J;19:1501-3
102. Singh S., Singh A., Aziz M. A., Waheed S. M., Bhat R. and Bhatnagar R. (2004).Thermalinactivation of Protective Antigen of B. anthracis and its prevention by polyosmolytes.Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun;322:1029-1037.
103. Ahuja N, Kumar P. and Bhatnagar R. (2004). Adenylatecyclase toxins.Crit. Rev. Microbiol.; 30:187–196.
104. Singh J, Joshi M.C. and Bhatnagar R. (2004).Cloning and expression of mycobacterial glutamine synthetase gene in E. coli. Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun.; 317:634-638.
105. Singh S, Aziz M. A, Khandelwal P, Bhat R. and Bhatnagar R. (2004). The osmoprotectants glycine and its methyl derivatives prevent the thermal inactivation of protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun.; 316: 559–564.
106. Khandelwal P, Bhatnagar R, Choudhury D. and Banerjee N. (2004). Characterization of a cytotoxic pilin subunit of Xenorhabdusnematophila.Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun.; 314:943- 949.
107. Chattopadhyay A, Bhatnagar R. and Bhatnagar N. (2004). Bacterial Insecticidal Toxins Crit.Rev. Microbiol.;30:33–54.
108. Ahuja N, Kumar P, Alam S., Gupta M. and Bhatnagar R. (2003).Deletion mutants of protective antigen that inhibit anthrax toxin both in vitro and in vivoBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.; 307: 446–450.
109. Aziz M.A, Singh S, Kumar A. P. and Bhatnagar R. (2002). Expression of protective antigen in transgenic plants: a step towards making edible vaccine against anthrax. Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun.; 299:345-51.
110. Kumar P, Ahuja N. and Bhatnagar R. (2002). Anthrax edema toxin requires influx of calcium for inducing cAMP toxicity in target cells. Infect. Immun.; 70: 4997-5007.
111. Singh S, Ahuja N, Chauhan V, Rajasekaran E, Waheed S.M, Bhat R. and Bhatnagar R. (2002). Gln 277 and Phe 554 residues are involved in thermal inactivation of protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun;296:10581062.
112. Chauhan V. and Bhatnagar R. (2002). Identification of amino acid residues of Protective antigen involved in binding to Lethal factor Infect.Immun; 70:4477- 4484.
113. Singh A, Chauhan V, Sodhi A. and Bhatnagar R. (2002).Asp 187 and Phe 190 residues in lethal factor are required for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activityFEMS Microbiology Letters; 212:183-6.
114. Singh A, Singh S, Waheed S. M, Khandelwal P. and Bhatnagar R. (2002). Expression of anthrax lethal factor gene by osmolyte induction FEMS Microbiology Letters; 209: 301-5.
115. Ahuja N, Kumar P. and Bhatngar R. (2001). Hydrophobic residues Phe552, Phe554, Ile562, Leu566 and Ile574 are required for oligomerization of anthrax protective antigen. Biochem.Biophy. Res. Commum;287: 542-9.
116. Ahuja N, Kumar P. and Bhatnagar R. (2001). Rapid Purification of Recombinant Anthrax- Protective Antigen under Non-denaturing Conditions. Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun.; 286:6- 11.
117. Batra S. and Bhatnagar R (2001). Anthrax Toxin.Crit. Rev. Microbiol.; 27: 167-200.
118. Gupta P, Sahai V. and Bhatnagar R. (2001). Enhanced expression of the recombinant lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis by Fed-Batch culture.Biochem.Biophys. Res. Commun;285: 1025- 1033.
119. Gupta P, Singh S, Tiwari A, Bhat R. and Bhatnagar R. (2001). Effect of pH on stability of Anthrax lethal factor: Correlation between denaturation and activity. Biochem.Biophy. Res. Commun; 284:568-73.
120. Chauhan V, Singh A, Waheed S. M, Singh S. and BhatnagarR.(2001). Constitutive Expression of Protective Antigen Gene of Bacillus anthracis in Escherichia coli.Biochem.Biophy. Res. Commun; 283: 308-315.
121. Kumar P, Ahuja N. and Bhatnagar R. (2001). Purification of Anthrax Edema Factor from Escherichia coli and identification of residues required for binding to Protective Antigen Infec. & Immun;69:6532-6.
122. Batra S, Gupta P, Chauhan V, Singh A. and Bhatnagar R. (2001).Trp 346 and Leu 352 residues in protective antigen are required for the expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity. Biochem.Biophy. Res. Commun;281:186-192.
123. Gupta P., Singh A, Chauhan V, and Bhatnagar R. (2001).Involvement of residues 147VYYEIGK153 in binding of Lethal factor to Protective antigen of Bacillusanthracis. Biochem.Biophy. Res. Commun; 280: 158-163.
124. Adhuna., Salotra P. and Bhatnagar R. (2000). Nitric oxide induced expression of stress proteins in virulent and a virulent promastigotes of L.donovani. ImmunologyLetters;71:71-176.
125. Gupta P, Waheed S.M. and Bhatnagar R. (1999). Expression and purification of the recombinant Protective antigen of Bacillusanthracis. Protein ExpressionandPurification; 16: 369-376.
126. Bhatnagar R, Ahuja N, Goila R, Khetarpal S, Waheed S.M. and Gupta P. (1999). Activation of phospholipase C and protein kinase C is required for expression of anthrax lethal toxin cytotoxicity in J774A. 1 cells.Cellular Signalling; 11: 111-116.
127. Gupta P, Khetarpal S, Chopra A.P, Singh Y, Bhatnagar R. (1998). Expression and Purification of the recombinant Lethal factor of Bacillusanthracis.InfecImmun; 66:862865.
128. Bhatnagar R, Dixit A. and Roy K.B. (1998).Biochemistry(Book) National Open School.
129. Salotra, P and Bhatnagar,R. (1998). Role of stress proteins in Leishmania.Chapter in book “Microbes: For Health, Wealth & Sustainable Environment”. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi. PP. 595-615
130. Adhuna, Salotra P, Mukhopadhya B. and Bhatnagar R. (1997). Modulation of macrophage heat shock protein (HSPs) expression in response to intracellular infection by virulent and avirulent strains ofLeishmaniadonovani.Biochem. Mol.Bio.Int.; 43: 1265-1275.
131. Radha C, Salotra P, Bhat R. and Bhatnagar R. (1996). Thermostabilization of Protective antigen- the binding component of anthrax lethal toxin.J.Biotechnol; 50: 235-242.
132. Salotra P, Seal K.P, Krishna N, Jaffe H. and Bhatnagar R. (1995). Expression of Dnak and GroEl homologs in Leuconostocmesenteroides in response to heat shock or chemical stress.FEMSMicrobiologyLetters; 131:7-62.
133. Salotra P, Chauhan D, Rallhan R. and Bhatnagar R. (1995). Tumor necrosis factoralpha induces preferential expression of stress proteins in virulent promastigotes of Leshmaniadonovani. ImmunologyLetters; 44: 1-5.
134. Richa S, Salotra P, Bhatnagar R. and Datta K. (1995). L-alanine- dioxovalerate transaminase in Leishmaniadonovani that differs from the mammalian enzyme.Microbiol.Res.; 150: 1-5.
135. Salotra P, Ralhan R. and Bhatnagar R. (1994). Differential expression of heat shock proteins in virulent and attenuated strains of Leishmaniadonovani. Biochem Molecular Biology International; 33: 691-697.
136. Bhatnagar R. and Friedlander A.M. (1994). Protein synthesis is required for the expression nthrax lethal toxin cytotoxicity.Infec.Immunol;62: 2958-62.
137. Friedlander A.M, Bhatnagar R,Leppla S.H, Johnson L. and Singh Y. (1993).Characterization of macrophage sensitivity and resistance to anthrax lethal toxin.Infec.lmmunol. 61: 245-252.
138. Dhaunsi G. S, Sidhu G.S, GargU.C, Singh Y, Chakravarti R.N. and Bhatnagar R. (1990). Effect on intestinal nutrient uptake and brush border membrane enzymes in response to atherogenic diet in rhesus monkeys.J. Med.Primatol;18: 467-475.
139. Dhaunsi G.S, Garg U.C,Ganguly N.K. and ChakravartiR.andBhatnagar R. (1990). Renal brush border membrane enzymatic status in atherogenic diet fed Rhesus monkeys. BiochemicalArchives;6: 95-102.
140. Leppla S.H, Friedlander A.M, Singh Y, Cora E.M. and Bhatnagar R. (1990).A model for anthrax lethal toxin action at the cellular level.SalisburyMedicalBullatin; 68: 4143.
141. Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K, Sharma S. and Bhatnagar R. (1990).Humoral and cell mediated immunity in pyelonephritic rats immunized with fimbriae of Escherichia coli. Med. Sci. Res; 18: 601-603.
142. Singh Y, LepplaS.H, Bhatnagar R. and Friedlander A.M. (1990). Basis of cellular sensitivity and resistance to anthrax lethal toxin.Salisbury MedicalBullatin; 68: 4648.
143. Singh Y, Leppla S.H, Friedlander A. andBhatnagar R. (1989). Internalization and processing of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin-sensitive and resistance cells.J.Biol. Chem;254: 11099-11102.
144. Singh Y, Leppla S. and Friedlander A. and Bhatnagar R. (1989). Calcium is required for expression of anthrax lethal toxin activity. Infec.Lmmun; 57: 2107-2114.
145. Krishna G, Singh Y, Sidhu G.S. and Bhatnagar R. (1989). Mechanism of MPTP induced Parkinson's disease at cellular and subcellular level. In Neurochemical Pharmacology165-174.
146. Singh Y, Bhatnagar R,Sidhu G.S, Batra J.K. and Krishna G. (1989). MPTP inhibits proton motive force in energized mitochondria. Arch.Biochem.Biophys; 271: 217222.
147. Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K, Sharma S. and BhatnagarR.(1989). Transport of nutrients into the renal brush border membrane vesicles as markers in evaluating the role of antibodies in modulation of ascending pyelonephritis.FEMSMicrobiol.Lett; 57: 155160.
148. Mereish K.A, Solow R, Singh Y. and Bhatnagar, R. (1989). Comparative toxicity of cyclic peptides.Med.Sci.Res;17: 869-871.
149. Mauviel A, Teyton L, Penfornis H, Laurent M, Hartman D, Bonaventure J, Loyau G, Saklatvala J. and Pujol J.P. andBhatnagar R. (1988). Interleukin-I modulates collagen gene expression in cultured synovial cells. Biochem.J; 252: 247-255.
150. Garg U.C, Rai N, Dhaunsi G.S, Sidhu G.S, Singh Y, Ganguly N.K. and Bhatnagar R. (1988). A spectrophotometric assay for calmodulin.Biotechniques; 6: 294-296.
151. Falah AMS, Bhatnagar N, Singh Y, Murthy P.S. and Venkitasubramanian T.A. and Bhatnagar R. (1988).On the presence of calmodulin like protein in Mycobacteria FEMSMicrobiol.Let; 56: 89- 94.
152. Singh Y, Chaudhary V.K, and Misra U.K. and Bhatnagar R. (1988). Mixed function oxidases in response to quality and quality of dietary protein. Biochem. International;17:1-8.
153. Singh Y, and MisraU.K.andBhatnagar R. (1988). Hepatic phosphatidylcholine synthesis in defficiency of lysine and lysine and threonine: Effect of malathione. Experientia; 44: 758-759.
154. Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K. and Bhatnagar R. (1987). Brush border enzyme as markers for ascending pyelonephritis: active immunization with pilli. FEMSMicrobiol Lett;43: 127-131.
155. Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K, Sharma S. and Bhatnagar R. (1987).New sensitive markers for the detection of experimental ascending pyelonephritis.LifeSci;41: 1-56.
156. Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K, Sharma S, Chakravarti R.N. and Bhatnagar R. (1987).Quantitative histopathological method for the evaluation of experimental pyelonephritis in rat.Med. Sci.Res;15:367-368.
157. Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K. and Bhatnagar R. (1987).Towards the mechanism of altered nutrients uptake in brush border membrane vesicles from pyelonpehritis rats.Biochem.In;14: 949-955.
158. Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K. and Bhatnagar R. (1987).Calmodulin: Factor contributing towards altered nutrient uptake in pyelonephritis in rat. Med. Sci.Res; 15: 369-370.
159. Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K, Sharma S. and Bhatnagar R. (1987). Antipilli antibodies afford protection against ascending pyelonephritis in rats: evaluation by renal brush border membrane enzymes.Biochem.Int;14:517-524.
160. Garg U.C, Sharma D.K, Dhaunsi G.S. and Bhatnagar R. (1987). Altered intestinal brush border membrane enzymes and nutrients uptake in naloxone treated rats Med.SciRes;15: 551-552.
161. Gill N.J, Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K, Mahajan R.C. and Bhatnagar R. (1987). Alteration of brush border membrane enzymes in intestinal amoebiasis.Med. Sci. Res; 15: 101102.
162. Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K, Sharma S. and Bhatnagar R. (1987).Prevention of alteration in the uptake of nutrients in pyelonephritis immunization with pilli.Biochem.Int; 15:881-886.
163. Gill N.J, Garg U.C, Ganguly N.Y, Mahajan R.C. and Bhatnagar R. (1987). Release of lysosomal enzymes by kupffer cells in experimental hepatic amoebiasisMed. Sci. Res;15: 991-992.
164. Dhaunsi G.S, Garg U.C, Sharma D.K, Aulakh B.S. and Bhatnagar R. (1987). Towards the mechanism of protection against indomethace in induced gastrointestinal ulceration by naloxone. Med. Sci. Res;15: 1034-1035.
165. Dilwari J.B, Kumar A.V.K, Khurana S, and Dash R.J.and Bhatnagar R.(1987).The effect of legumes on blood glucose in diabetesmelitus.Ind.J.Med. Res;85:184-187.
166. Bhatnagar R,Penfornis H, Mauviel A., Loyau G, Saklatvala J. and Poujol J. P. (1986). Interleukin- I inhibits and synthesis of collagen by fibroblast. Biochem.Int;13: 709720.
167. Sidhu G.S, Dhuansi G.S, Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K, Chakravarti R.N. and Bhatnagar R. (1986). Renal nutrients uptake and brush border membrane enzymes in cholesterol fed guinea pigs. Biochem.Med;36:179-185.
168. Sidhu G.S, Garg U.C, Dhaunsi G.S, Bhari S.K. and Bhatnagar R. (1986). Enzymatic and transport studies in cholesterol fed guinea pigs using intestinal brush border membrane vesicle. Digestion; 34: 251-258.
169. Garg U.C, Ganguly N.K, Sharma S. and Bhatnagar R. (1986).Kinetics of nutrient uptake in renal brush border membrane vesicles from rat with experimental pyelonephritis.Biochem.Int; 7-14.
170. Garg U.C, Sidhu G.S, Sharma S, Chakravarti R.N, Ganguly N.K. and Bhatnagar R. (1986). The presence of calmodulin in renal micrivillar core.Int. Res.Comm. Sys. Med. Sci;14: 752-753.
171. Garg U.C, Sidhu G.S, Sharma S, Chakravarti R.N. and Bhatnagar R. (1985). Pyelonephritis alters the reabsorption of nutrients and brush border enzymes of rat kidney Biochem. Int;11:145- 152.
172. Dhaunsi G.S, Garg U.C, Sidhu G.S. and Bhatnagar R. (1985). Enzymatic andtransport studies on rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles bound to pea and lentil lectins. Int.Res.Comm.Sys. Med. Sci; 13: 469-70.
173. Bhatnagar N. and PrabhuK.A.and Bhatnagar R. (1985). Extracellular dextransucrase from a new strain of Leuconostocmesenteroides. Int. Res. Comm. Sys. Med. Sci;13: 129-130.
174. Bhatnagar N, and VenkitasubramanianT.A. and Bhatnagar R. (1984).Characterization and metabolism of cGMP in Mycobacterium smegmatis.Biochem. Biophys.Res.Commun; 121: 634- 640.
175. Decker K, Birmelin M, and Rieder H.and Bhatnagar R. (1982)."Role of Ca++ and prostaglandins in response of kuffer cells to external stimuli".InSinusoidalLiverCells(Ed. E. Wisse and D.L. Knook) Elsevier Biomed.Press Holland; pp 367-379.
176. Bhatnagar R, Schade U, Rietschel E.T. and Decker, K. (1982).Involvement of prostaglandin E and cAMP in lipopolysaccride stimulated collagenase release in rat kupffer cells. Eur. J.Bioche;125: 125-130.
177. Bhatnagar R. and Decker K. (1981). Collagenase assay using 3H- methylcollagen. J.Biochem. Biophys. Methods 5: 147-152.
178. Bhatnagar R, Schiermer R., Ernst M. and Decker K. (1981).Superoxide release by zymosan stimulated kupffer cells in vitro. Eur.J.Biochem; 119: 171-175.
179. Banerjee N, Bhatnagar R. and Viswanathan L. (1981). Inhibitionn of glycolysis by furfural in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Eur.J.Microbiol Biotech; 11: 226-228.
180. Banerjee N, Bhatnagar R. and Viswanathan L. (1981). Development of resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae against inhibitory effects of Browning reaction products Enz. Microb. Tech; 3: 24-28.
181. BhatnagarR, Banerjee N, Srivastava H.C, and Prabhu K.A. (1981). Structure of dextran synthesized by a new strain of Leuconostocmesenteroides. Carbohy; Res.89: 346-349.
182. Srivastava G.S, Bhatnagar R.,Viswanathan R. and Venkitasubramanian T.A.(1980). Microsomal and mitrochondrial cytochromes in acutely hypoxic rat liver and lung Ind.J.Biochem.Biophys;17: 130-134.
183. Banerjee N, Bhatnagar R. and Viswanathan L. (1980). Inhibition of growth and lactic acid synthesis by maltol in Lactobacillus casie and its reversal by glutamic acid Experentia; 36:313- 314.
184. Bhatnagar R. and Prabhu K.A. (1976). Studies on the removal of dextran by dextranaseProc.Sug.Tech.Assoc;42: 101-106
185. Bhatnagar R. and Prabhu K.A. (1975). Effect of disinfectants on dextran forming Leuconostoc bacteria. Proc. Sug. Tech. Assoc;41: 95-99.
186. Bhatnagar R. and Prabhu K.A. (1974). Studies on the use of cane waste molasses in the production of dextran. Proc.Sug. Tech.Assoc;40: 23-27.